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Breakthrough combustion technologies of air-fuel mixtures can be developed on the basis of new fundamental knowledge on combustion physics and chemistry, including detailed mechanisms of elementary atomic and molecular processes involved in the formation and destruction of harmful emissions and in the initiation and sustainment of burning in combustion chambers of various types. In 2017-2019, Samara National Research University has been awarded a megagrant from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation to create a laboratory for the purpose of development of physically justified models of combustion on the basis of new spectroscopic and kinetic data on chemical processes in combustion and flame characteristics. The objectives of this project include measurements and calculations of kinetic constants for the processes involved in initiation and sustainment of combustion, formation and destruction of pollutants (PAH, nitrogen oxides) and active species (radicals, intermediates, excited atoms and molecules, ions) and development of gas-dynamic and kinetic models of combustion based on physically proved rate constants and their validation on laminar model flames. Within this laboratory, a pyrolyticmicroreactor is being created with universal mass spectrometric detection of products of chemical reactions and with distinction of different isomers based on their photoionization cross sections. The reactor is planned to be commissioned in the second half of 2018. To facilitate the development of the new laboratory and to promote scientific exchange and collaboration between combustion chemists and physicists around the world, we are organizing the International Conference on Combustion Physics and Chemistry.