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The conference was organized by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut and the Universita Ca Foscari. It was focused on the role of the southern Caucasus during the Bronze Age as a contact area between the northern sections of the Near East (esp. Anatolia down to the coast of the Mediterranean sea), and the Northern Caucasus. It brought together scholars from the Russian Federation, Germany, Italy, France, Australia, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkey. Participants were the archaeologists specialising in prehistoric or pre-classical archaeology of the different areas and periods involved, joined by specialists in the prehistory of the surrounding areas (Europe, Central Asia), who could contribute new theoretical frameworks and comparative evidence to the discussion, by specialists in the history and languages of the ancient Near East, and by specialists in archaeometallurgy and archaeometry. Discussion was concentrated on the Bronze Age, i.e. on the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC, but also included the important formative phase represented by the Late Chalcolithic period (4th millennium BC), and the transition into the following Iron Age (late 2nd-early 1st millennium BC).