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Agricultural intensification creates new threats to biodiversity, that includes plowing mostly of all tillable lands, increasing of soil erosion, overgrazing and pasture degradation, landscape fragmentation by the fields and infrastructure. Between the natural factors that shape the agriculture in Russia, climate is the most important one. All climate change scenarios show significant increase of temperature and moderate increase of precipitation. Yield models based on GCM simulations show an increase in potential yield in central and northern regions and a drop in yields, due to increasing frequency of droughts in currently the most productive southern European region of Russia.