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In this study the interactions of detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) with the ionic surfactants in aqueous suspensions were investigated by means of Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy. Aqueous suspensions of sodium octanoate with DNDs having different surface functionalization – hydrophobic (DND-H) and hydrophilic (DND-COOH) – were objects of researches. It was found that nanoparticles and surrounding molecules influence on each other. The following effects were observed: 1) DNDs with hydrophobic surface weaken the hydrogen bonds in suspensions more strongly in comparison with hydrophilic surface, 2) DNDs influence on the micelle formation of sodium octanoate, 3) water molecules and surfactants influence on the fluorescence of DNDs. The mechanisms of the observed interactions between hydrophobic/hydrophilic DNDs and the surrounding molecules are proposed.