ИСТИНА

Dynamical model «ellipsoidal core + ice shell" the dwarf planet Haumea is developed and quasi-equilibrium mechanism of formation of its satellites is offered. The model differs from the Jacobi ellipsoid and is presented by non-uniform equilibrium figure of deformed mass with a superficial tension from the outer ice layer. Combining the core with confocal shell, the gravitational potential on surface of the figure and the border a core-mantle is given to square function of coordinates. The cubic equation is solved and thickness of the shell with mass from the mass of stone core is found. Dependence of the thickness shell and square angular velocity on both surfaces from the meridian oblateness are calculated. With a small difference ( ) angular velocities on both surfaces in the bowels of the planet there are deviations from equilibrium state. Thus, there are shear stresses, and then starts to operate the relaxation mechanism of alignment of angular velocities. With this relaxation the core expands in its equatorial plane on and the elastic deformation of the ice shell turns into plastic deformation. This leads to the accumulation on sharp ends of rapidly rotating planet of excess mass of ice, which are then separated from the planet. It is shown that the formation of satellites was spent only a small fraction ( ) of mass of the shell, which contradicts the well-known hypothesis of impact. We found that before the separation of satellites the angular momentum of Haumea was once more now, and its rotational period was shorter than and was equal to Besides, until separation of satellites from Haumea the square of angular velocity was equal , and this value does not exceed maximum possible for the Jacobi ellipsoids . Thus, in early days the planet could really be in a quasi-equilibrium state. The new mechanism foretells that the orbits of satellites can't strongly deviate from the equatorial Haumea's plane. This is consistent with observations: indeed, Namaka’s orbit is located almost in the equatorial plane of the planet and the orbit of solid Hiimaka deviates only