ИСТИНА

In the presented study we consider the experience of atmospheric measurements with application of mass-market quadcopters DJI Phantom 4 Pro. The quadcopters were equipped with iMet-XF and iMet-XQ2 meteorological sensors and applied to the investigation of the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over the inhomogeneous landscapes. We consider a number of multiple research missions, conducted in severe winter conditions in Russia and even in the Russian Arctic. These missions include the investigation of the ABL features over the unfreezing polynyas in the White sea and in the artificial Gorky water reservoir (central Russia). In addition, we have applied the quadcopters for the vertically-resolved research of the urban heat island effect in the Arctic cities Apatity (Kola peninsula) and Nadym (Siberian Arctic). The quadcopters were successfully operated under severe conditions with extremely low temperatures (up to -40 °C) and allowed to obtain the unique experimental data. For all considered cases, we found that pronounced temperature contrasts are formed within the inhomogeneous terrains under the stably stratified conditions, when the strong temperature inversions are observed above the landscape. In such conditions the local surface features (e.g. the presence of local heat sources or local orography) could induce a pronounced near-surface temperature inhomogeneity, such as urban heat island effect or warm temperature anomalies over the polynya. These local temperature anomalies are stretched up to the atmosphere only for few dozens of meters. However, they strongly affect the near-surface temperature stratification and the lapse rate, which allow to suggest the significant effect of the revealed temperature inhomogeneities on the mixing ration and pollution dispersion. This study was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, projects No. 18-05-60126 and 17-05-41095.