ИСТИНА

We summarize the recent studies leading to the necessity to make deep changes of the description of the main magnetospheric processes. In the first place, it is necessary to highlight the existence of processes leading to formation of kappa-distributions, and how the microscopic physics could influence the macroscopic dynamics. The main features of global distributions of the parameters of kappa function were obtained using the data of the Themis satellite mission. The fact that the kappa distributions are the most suitable for the fit of the magnetospheric distribution functions shows the action of active relaxation processes in collisionless magnetospheric plasma, the existence of large-scale interactions, and the applicability of Tsallis formalism instead of Maxwell-Boltzmann formalism. These results will lead to the modification of approaches to the large-scale magnetospheric dynamics and could be important for the forecast of the geomagnetic conditions. It became clear that the value of k-parameter strongly increases with the value of plasma parameter beta (equal to the ratio between the plasma and magnetic pressures) and becomes ~10 if beta >1. This means that distribution functions in the regions with high beta are nearly Maxwellian and it is possible to use the ordinary hydrodynamic description for the analysis of large-scale phenomena. Experimentally such approach is supported by the observed pressure balance at the magnetopause, across the plasma sheet and validity of calculations of the Dst value during magnetic storms using the radial plasma pressure profile in the ring current. The main difficulty is connected with the impossibility to use the frozen-in approximation in the region where the plasma is close to pressure balance. At low plasma velocities it is necessary to use generalized Ohm’s low. We analyze the values of “diffusion regions” in different magnetospheric domains and estimate the velocity when the scale of this region became comparable with the scales of the definite magnetospheric regions. Another difficulty is the high level of turbulence in the high beta regions, properties of which require additional study. We try to show that the development of described approach provides the possibility to create the noncontradictive explanation of the main magnetospheric patterns and their relation.