ИСТИНА

The paper is devoted to the interactions of particle typology and clitic typology and discusses the role of clitic particles in clusterization processes characteristic of 2P languages. The cover term ‘particle’ results from a classification of word classes. It often remains vague, since many linguists define particles according to a ‘leftover principle’ as short functional words, which are neither conjunctions, prepositions, nor auxiliaries etc. For instance, in Dargwa grammars negation ak:u is labeled as a particle in spite of the fact it shows class-and-number agreement with the grammatical subject, It can also be the main predicate or adjoin to a lexical verb in tense forms. I follow the placement of clustering particles in clitic templates in a number of languages with 2P clitic clusters. In some cases, clustering elements can be identified as both phonetic clitics and syntactic clitics. In other cases. clustering elements do not exhibit some diagnostic features of phonetic clitics and can be identified as weak pronouns/particles.