ИСТИНА

Introduction. The dysfunctional breathing (DB) is a pathological and stable breathing patterns, in which the pulmonary ventilation is inadequate to the functional needs of the body. As a result, breathing pattern disorder provokes respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, muscular, neurologic, and psychological dysfunctions. DB may aggravate the underlying cause of the disease, mimics a serious illness, or creates medically unexplained symptoms because of the psychological factor. Methods. There were conducted literature review Results. The etiologic reasons for BD may be pathological, biomechanical, biochemical, environmental, habitual, psychological, or their combination. The most popular type of BD is hyperventilation syndrome, but this definition also includes unregular breathing, thoracoabdominal asynchrony or upper-chest breathing, periodic deep sighing, or breath holdings. Dysfunctional breathing can aggravate asthma, COPD, and occur because of nasal breathing disorders. Dysfunctional breathing accompanies generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, PTSD, somatoform and dissociative disorders. From a psychological point of view, respiratory pattern disorders occur in response to stress, attachment disorders, as well as a distorted interpretation of internal sensations. Conclusions: The study, diagnosis, and treatment of dysfunctional breathing require a holistic consideration of human functioning, taking into account a lot of physiological and psychological factors. Therefore, it is necessary to create an interdisciplinary approach to research various causes of dysfunctional breathing and provide personalized care.