ИСТИНА

Application of integral indices and ratings on a small-scale study level due to the need to identify key environmental issues, structural changes and assessment of environmental transformations vector. As a result, consideration of a large number of research methods we have developed own, which can be considered as typical features of cities influence, such as pollution from stationary and mobile sources, structure and mechanism of pollution and its consequences, but also "unique" features. After the calculations 16 cities were divided into three categories: favorable ecological situation, satisfactory ecological situation and unfavorable ecological situation. At the top rating (ie, the most polluted cities) from 1988 to 2000, there were always 4 cities periodically slightly changing places: it Baku, Yerevan, Kiev, Minsk. But, as in 2005, and in 2012 the most polluted capital of post-Soviet countries - Alma-Ata. Favorable ecological situation for 20 years are characterized by the Baltic capitals. This is due to the closure of about 90% of industrial enterprises, as well as in connection with the introduction of new environmental standards for membership in the EU. There is a group of cities that for all time slices were at an intermediate position in the ranking slightly changing places. Basically, it is the capitals of the Central Asian countries and the Caucasus. Based on these ratings, the typology was developed capitals in terms of the current environmental situation and the direction of its transformation: it was revealed 6 groups of cities, and structural changes of the integral index. Belarus and all EU countries produce fuel predominantly Euro-5 standard, and according to the approved technical regulations in gasoline prohibited the use of additives, which include lead and phosphorus. The large part of research is devoted also to the Russian cities. The first ecological condition rating of all Russian cities and towns is based on the anthropogenic impact intensity integral index calculation, including air pollution, water sources, solid waste, thermal and radiation pollution. There were shown the main factors of anthropogenic impact changes in different population types. There are elaborations of new methods for integral estimation of urban level of anthropogenic impact based on indexes comparable for all territorial levels and calculated for real pollution with the scale and impact intensity.