ИСТИНА

This study illustrates how the first and the second levels of the digital divide here interrelate and influence each other (Van Deursen and Van Dijk, 2014), leading to a situation when people with lower access to Internet and ICTs have lower skills and competences to use them, therefore risking to become digitally excluded (Vartanova, 2018; Vartanova, & Gladkova, 2020). We argue that this challenge is specifically important and timely in multiethnic and multicultural Russian context, where small ethnic groups might experience difficulties in accessing and using ICTs.