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The properties of urban aerosols according to long-term simultaneous measurements by the collocated AERONET CIMEL sun/sky photometers in Moscow (large megacity) and at Zvenigorod (nearby clean area) were studied in various atmospheric conditions in 2006-2012. Additional measurements of PM10 and PM2.5, as well as soot content observations were used for evaluating the effects of local urban sources and their influence on columnar aerosol properties (single scattering albedo, aerosol optical thickness, etc.). For the conditions, when the spherical particle approach did not work properly in the inversion algorithm, the supporting data and backward trajectory analysis have been applied to reveal if these cases are affected by urban pollution or by other reasons. The comparisons of simulated radiative fluxes were made against the high quality ground-based radiative measurements at the Meteorological Observatory of Moscow State University for the validation of the obtained urban radiative effects in clear-sky conditions with different aerosol types. In addition, we also tested the retrievals of several aerosol parameters (AOT, single scattering albedo, Angstrom exponent, etc.) by different satellite instruments (MISR, MODIS, SEAWIFS, OMI) against the data of collocated AERONET CIMEL sun/sky photometers in different atmospheric situations over snow and snow-free surfaces for their ability to detect the urban aerosol pollution.