ИСТИНА

Specially protected natural areas (PAs) are an important part of a Moscow city ecological framework (Klimanova et al, 2018) – a system wide green areas and wildlife corridors. PAs concentrate ecosystem functions; landforms, sediments and bedrocks play their own role in the implementation of these functions and provide ecosystem services (erosion and climate regulation, some cultural services etc). The spatial structure of the ecological frame is controlled by natural topography. Floodplain, steep erosional slopes of a river valleys and ravines associate with geohazards (landslides, erosion etc.), therefore it’s mostly inappropriate territory for city development; growing city try to ignore these areas until the very end. That’s why ecological framework in Moscow is based mostly on geomorphological features of the landscape and includes both: green cores on the interfluves (e.g. Bitsa Park) and wide corridors in the river valleys (e.g. Moskvoretsky park). Besides the regulating and supporting services the landscape topography also performs recreational functions and could attract investment in tourism itself (Blinova, Bredikhin, 2013). The services and disservices provided by the geomorphological features of the territory can be considered using the matrix-approach, which combine two main attributes: 1) the landscape attractiveness and geodiversity (Thomas, 2012, Bredikhin, 2008) and 2) the intensity of exogenous processes (and related geohazards). Based on a detailed geomorphological mapping it was concluded that most of the PAs in Moscow are confined to river valleys and their slopes – the areas where the concentration of ecoservices is accompanied by high value of geomorphological hazards (e.g. Moskvoretsky, Kolomenskoye. Izmailovsky Park).