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Abstract: The long novel The Kukotsky Enigma is a remarkable work of modern Russian female writer Lyudmila Yevgenyevna Ulitskaya, for which she was awarded the Russian Booker Prize. The epic family novel The Kukotsky Enigma focuses on the life of several generations of the Kukotsky medical family through a tender narrative language, presenting readers with the habits and beliefs of multiple groups and regions of Soviet society, and showing the fate of different characters. The author reflects deeply on interdisciplinary themes covering medicine, genetics, family, love, ethics, and race. Taking the title of the novel “enigma" as the entry point, the characters are faced with different ethical choices after each enigma and conflict. The subtlety of the novel lies in the second chapter, where Lyudmila Ulitskaya reconstructs the structure of time and space, presenting the dream world of the heroine Yelena after her illness through a brain text, forming a heterogeneous world distinct from life and death. The novel adopts a carnivalesque approach, and the series of narrative descriptions that take place in the other dimension are the answers that the real protagonists and other groups have been pondering and searching for, as well as the continuation of their spiritual lives. Key words: ethical choice; Ulitskaya; The Kukotsky Enigma; conflict; Brain text