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As far as I know, Pringle (v Pringle 1951) was one of the first to articulate in some detail the analogy between evolution and speciation and human earning and adaptation. He developed a descriptive model of the brain as a medium for the evolution of more and more complex forms of organisation. His neurophysiological speculations were paralleled by Crossman’s (1959) psychological theory of skill organisation in which stable behaviours are selected from an initially diverse population. From his posthumous writings (Craik 1966), we know that Kenneth Craik, too, had a similar vision of the mechanisms underlying learning and adaptation.