ИСТИНА

Modern global economy is developing on a base of market principles, and the GDP is the main criterion of its effectiveness. At the same time, many economists recognize that GDP does not reflect a degradation of natural landscapes and a damage from pollution of natural environment. In this regard, creation of a “green” economy should be based on transition from traditional economic indicators to innovative and environmentally focused criterion. One of approaches to such transition is the use of environmental-economic indicators in the Systems of National Accounts (SNA). The London Group of Experts suggested to use environmental criteria of the environmental state, such as the physical indicators of water resources. Further development of this idea will contribute to development of the system, accounting flows of matter and energy in natural landscapes as a criteria of both positive and negative changes in the environment resulting from economic development. Preliminary estimates of changes in natural landscapes were obtained in studies conducted in some regions of Russia. Today the main attention is paid to such regions of Russia as the Eastern Siberia and the Arctic. These regions are often characterized by low living standards and high potential of development, including innovative technologies. Accounting of ecological services and assessment of an intensity of matter and energy flows in landscapes will allow to build a more effective system of economic development in these regions.