ИСТИНА

Оценка последствий климатических изменений для традиционного хозяйства одного из уникальных этносов Сибири в связи с трансформацией экологического потенциала ландшафтов бореальной криолитозоны

This project is aimed at studying and predicting a variety of ecological and geographical consequences of climatic changes for the indigenous population of the taiga regions of the Yenisei Siberia and its traditional use of natural resources. The state of the "feeding" natural landscape is planned to be considered in different aspects, both from the point of view of studying both the mechanism of changes and their influence on traditional nature management. The main directions of the ongoing changes, which are in the focus of research attention: deterioration of conditions for the fishing industry in conditions of complications in access to traditional hunting grounds due to drying up of rivers, disruption of the migration of commercial species of animals, etc., a decrease in the quality of traditional food, which is due to the appearance of sick fish, a decrease in the yield of berries and other wild plants, an increase in natural risks in the form of ice-dam floods in conditions of intensive melting of snow cover, an increase in the burning of forests on icy rocks in conditions of an increase in the duration of periods with dry weather, a change in the quality of the original habitat due to the transformation of the structure atmospheric circulation and an increase in the potential impact of large industrial centers. With regard to the poorly developed part of Siberia, the climate is a factor in the existence of systems of nature and people living in them, and its changes are an impetus for the loss of the seeming stability of the existing conditions. It is these regions that are of greatest interest for studying the consequences of global climate change. At present, climatic changes are quite clearly manifested within the Siberian taiga, especially within the high-temperature permafrost zone, where ice-rich rocks have insular and discontinuous distribution. Such challenges require both a conceptual assessment of the adaptive potential and proposals for very specific measures. With regard to the traditional economy of one of the ethnic groups, it is planned to carry out similar work, taking into account several areas of its compact residence. It seems that many of the observed processes in the boreal permafrost zone require further study, both through field research and through a more detailed and systematic documentation of the knowledge of indigenous peoples. In this regard, the collection and interpretation of data related to climate and nature, research of the rates and ranges of changes for the components of the landscape and for its functioning as a whole, are priority ones. Such sensitive to climate change landscapes of the permafrost ecotone are characterized not only by a more intensive lateral transfer of matter and energy between adjacent geosystems, but also by a significant environmental-forming role and an important indicator value. The latter circumstance seems to be especially important for the development of monitoring studies and ecological-geographical forecasting. Within the framework of this project, it is planned to significantly expand theoretical knowledge in terms of studying the mechanisms of climatogenic transformation of permafrost geosystems and the geoecological consequences caused by them (an increase in fire hazard, a decrease in the efficiency of traditional nature management, changes in the water-regulating role of forest landscapes, etc.), in relation to different conditions of the Siberian taiga, functioning in the conditions of insular and discontinuous distribution of icy rocks. The tasks set in the project are planned to be implemented based on the results of landscape-indicator and instrumental studies, remote sensing and traditional knowledge of the indigenous population.