Wildfires in Russia: Features, Regimes and Consequences

Tsibart, A.S.; Gamova, N.S.; Koshovskii, T.S.; Gennadiev, A.N.

Авторы: Tsibart A.S., Gamova N.S., Koshovskii T.S., Gennadiev A.N.
Сборник: Wildland Fires: A Worldwide Reality
Глава в коллективной монографии
Год издания: 2015
Место издания: Nova Science Publishers, Inc United States
Первая страница: 199
Последняя страница: 210
Аннотация: Editors: António José Bento Gonçalves and António Avelino Batista Vieira (Dept. of Geography, Social Sciences Institute, University of Minho, Campus de Azurem, Guimaraes, Portugal) Book Description: It has been estimated that more than 30% of the global land surface is subject to a considerable frequency of vegetation fires (Chuvieco et al., 2008). Li et al. (2013, 2014) argue that fire is an important Earth system process and the primary terrestrial ecosystem disturbance agent on a global scale and it depends on vegetation characteristics, climate, and human activities, and generates feedbacks by affecting biogeochemical cycles, vegetation composition and structure, land–atmosphere water and heat exchanges, atmospheric chemistry and composition, and human health and property. Although wildland fires are characteristic of certain regions and seasons, vegetation fires occur with varying regularity and severity across almost every biome on Earth (Archibald et al., 2013). Earth’s forests and vegetation provide a vast source of fuel, and fires consume huge quantities of biomass in all ecosystems ranging across all biomes, from tundra to savanna and from boreal to tropical forests, where many of our ecosystems are considered fire dependent (Belcher, 2013). It is both friend and foe to the human race, having strongly influenced our social development and success as a species, yet it remains a serious threat to human life (Belcher, 2013) Even today, in some climates, fires are a natural phenomenon, but most of the fires are caused by human activity and only a minor part are produced by environmental factors (FAO, 2001). Equally, a only relatively small number of forest fires are responsible for the very high proportion of the total damage (Strauss et al., 1989). Due to ongoing global changes (Tavsanoglu and Úbeda, 2011), it is expected that fire regimes will immediately respond to climate change (Bento-Gonçalves et al., 2012) in terms of frequency, size, seasonality, recurrence, and fire intensity and severity. In particular, some studies suggest that current fire regimes may cause disasters (Kazanis and Arianotsou 2004; Rodrigo et al. 2004; de Luís et al. 2006; Arnan et al. 2007). The present book intends to outline different perspectives regarding the wildland fires, the mega fires, de wildland-urban interfaces, the ecosystem impacts and presents different studies-case from 8 countries (Portugal, Spain, Greece, Israel, Algeria, Russia, Lithuania and Chile), including, therefore, 11 valuable contributions that reflect its title: “Wildland Fires - A Worldwide Reality”. (Imprint: Nova)
Добавил в систему: Кошовский Тимур Сергеевич

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