Аннотация:The paper is devoted to a class of kinetic (or Boltzmann) schemes intended to solving viscous gasdynamic problems of high complexity. The computational algorithms are based on discrete models for a one-particle distribution function. The properties of the schemes obtained are discussed, and their comparison to lattice Boltzmann schemes is carried out. The application of the methods described to simulation of viscous flows within a wide range of Mach numbers is demonstrated, including highly unsteady and aeroacoustic problems.