Аннотация:The paper presents results of identification of an extensive set of collections of bryophytes obtained from the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago northern extremity, the last sector of polar deserts, which until now has been poorly explored for bryophyte flora. This checklist includes 24 liverwort and 135 moss species; fourteen species namely Lophoziopsis propagulifera, Scapania degenii, Brachytheciastrum collinum, Bryoerythrophyllum cf. rubrum, Bucklandiella microcarpa, Campylium laxifolium, C. longicuspis, Dicranum schljakovii, Drepanium recurvatum, Flexitrichum gracile, Grimmia longirostris, Hamatocaulis vernicosus, Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides and Schistidium boreale are reported from polar desert region for the first time. Though in number of species studied area loses only to essentially studied NE Land (Svalbard), the comparative analysis suggests that it is still incompletely studied and suffers from “phytosociological sampling”, which loses small pioneer mosses. A brief comparative analysis based on data published on other areas of the polar desert region is provided. Some species increase their share in vegetation cover of the polar desert region, thus contributing toward its segregation; among them are mostly calciphilous/basiphilous species.