Аннотация:The review is devoted to up-to-date trends in application of biocatalytic systems, based on various immobilized cells of microorganisms, for environmental bioremediation. Mostly, attention is paid to the treatment of wastewaters produced by different branches of industry and agriculture. Three main aspects concerning bioremediation processes with immobilized cells are under consideration. The first one is connected with application of microorganisms in an immobilized state merely for environment protection owing to deep destruction of dangerous pollutants present in wastewaters. The use of immobilized cells for biodegradation of neurotoxic organophosphorous pesticides and fat-containing compounds as components of wastewaters is discussed. The second aspect of environmental bioremediation deals with conversion of agricultural wastes to some desired products. Mainly, the interest is concentrated on production of fuel bioethanol by immobilized yeast and filamentous fungi and obtaining of L(+)-lactic acid in the processes with immobilized bacteria and filamentous fungus cells. The efficiency of conversion of various enzymatically-pretreated wastes to the target products by immobilized cells is analyzed. Oppositely, the third direction of bioremediation is focused on the prevention of formation of stable systems with immobilized cells that can do damage to environment. The approaches, allowing completely avoiding or decreasing the appearance of corrosive biofilms composed of self-immobilized individual or mixed bacterial cultures in oil industry, are pointed in the review.