Аннотация:Abstract
The purpose of this paper consists in construct-
ing the near-equilibrium model of the dwarf planet Haumea
and developing the latent mechanism of accumulation of
icy masses at sharp ends of the rapidly rotating planet. The
model can be introduced by combining the ellipsoidal stone
core with confocal icy shell and represents a non-uniform
figure of rotating gravitating mass with superficial tension
from the icy layer. We thoroughly study its dynamic proper-
ties and achieve that the gravitational potential on an exter-
nal and intermediate (between the core and the mantle) sur-
faces was square-law function from coordinates. Using the
new rigorous method we found that the thickness of an ice
shell is equal to
h
≈
30 km, and its mass makes only 6.6 %
from mass of a stone core. In absence of coherence between
two surfaces of level, there is a growth of stresses and re-
structuring the core and the shell. It is found that the dif-
ference between angular velocities on both surfaces doesn’t
exceed 6 %, which activates a special mechanism of relax-
ation. The relaxation may lead to considerable (up to 10 %)
lengthening the equatorial size of the body. This restructur-
ing the shell leads to accumulation of icy masses at the sharp
ends of the planet, which then separate from Haumea. For
formation of two satellites of the planet Haumea it has been
spent only 8 % from the mass of a shell. Before separation of
satellites the planet Haumea was in near-equilibrium state,
and its angular momentum was at 1.13 more, and the pe-
riod of rotation was 16
m
shorter and made
T
≈
3
.
64 h. The
mechanism predicts that the orbits of satellites can not devi-
ate much from the equatorial plane of Haumea. This is con-
sistent with observations: indeed, the orbit of Namaka is al-
most in the equatorial plane, and the orbit of massive Hi’iaka
deviates only on 13°. The new mechanism can be useful
also for studying the evolution of other ice-cover planets and
satellites