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Snow pollution by nitrogen-containing substances as a consequence of rocket launches from the Baikonur Cosmodromeстатья
Статья опубликована в высокорейтинговом журнале
Статья опубликована в журнале из списка Web of Science и/или Scopus- Авторы: Sharapova A.V., Semenkov I.N., Koroleva T.V., Krechetov P.P., Lednev S.A., Smolenkov A.D.
- Журнал: Science of the Total Environment
- Том: 709
- Год издания: 2020
- Издательство: Elsevier BV
- Местоположение издательства: Netherlands
- Номер статьи: 136072
- DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136072
- Аннотация: In this paper, we assessed snow pollution by nitrogen-containing substances including rocket propellants – UDMH (unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, (СН3)2NNH2) and NT (nitrogen tetroxide, N2O4) – and their transformation products (NDMA (nitrosodimethylamine, (CH3)2NNO), NO3−, NO2− and NH4+) within the falling regions (FRs) of the first and second stages of Proton-M rockets launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. At the first stage FR in Central Kazakhstan, snow with a pH range from 1.7 to 9.0 was contaminated by N-containing substances (maximal value in g/L): UDMH – 0.27, NDMA – 0.04, NO3− – 19, NH4+ – 0.04 and NO2− – 0.13. The first stage landing resulted in snow contamination by soil dust particles and N-containing substances at a rate of 13 g/m2 and 82 mg/m2/day, respectively. The maximal permissible addition (MPA) for UDMH, NDMA and NO3− to the 0–5 cm layer of soil was estimated at 0.06, 0.006 and 70.2 mg/m2, respectively. At the second stage FR in the NE Altai, substances released by space transportation were absent and the concentration of NO3− and NH4+ corresponded to the natural background level. The index of contamination (IC) was used for characterizing the degree of snow contamination by N-containing substances. A simulation model was developed for analysing the dependence of snow contamination by rocket propellant components on the weather parameters.
- Добавил в систему: Семенков Иван Николаевич
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