Brazilian clays for environmental solutions applied to radioactive waste management

Machado, G.G.; Krupskaya, V.V.; Zakusin, S.V.; Harada, J.; Souza, R.P.; Araujo, L.G.; Espinosa, D.C.; Montalvan, E.T.; Kahn, H.; Vicente, R.; Guilhen, S.N.

Авторы: Machado G.G., Krupskaya V.V., Zakusin S.V., Harada J., Souza R.P., Araujo L.G., Espinosa D.C.R, Montalvan E.T., Kahn H., Vicente R., Guilhen S.N.
Журнал: Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences
Том: 9
Номер: 1A
Год издания: 2021
Издательство: Sociedade Brasileira de Proteção Radiológica
Местоположение издательства: Brazil
DOI: 10.15392/bjrs.v9i1a.1539
Аннотация: Clayey materials have been adopted in most nuclear waste producing countries as a key constituent inengineered barrier systems for final disposal facilities at all levels of radioactive wastes (LILW-SL, LILW-LL,and HLW). The following study presents a thorough characterization upon five Brazilian clay-rich deposits,mostly smectite bearing clays, aiming to evaluate their expected performance as barrier under the conditionsassociated to a Low and Intermediate Level Waste Repository; being the former a matter of national strategicinterest. Samples coming from the Brazilian states of Paraná, Bahia, Paraíba, and Maranhão were treatedand analyzed by means of X-Ray diffraction as main technique. Other techniques such as FTIR, LALLS,XRF, and SEM-EDS, were performed in order to establish the mineralogical composition, particle sizedistribution, and chemical composition. Moreover, several standard clay treatments over the <1 μm sizefraction were carried out to reveal information regarding layer charge, major interlayer cations, unit formulaand other crystal features of smectite species present in a mineralogical assembly, aiming to provideinformation for the construction of a molecular model over which would be realistic to simulate the diffusionof radionuclides. Results obtained on 133Cs adsorption experiments indicate that mineralogical compositionwould probably be the single most influential factor controlling transport capacity of positively chargedradionuclides in the current setup. The composition is especially expressed in terms of smectite contents,favoring montmorillonite rich materials containing majorly Na+ as compensating cation in interlayer position.All tested samples can be considered as suitable candidates to be used in the design of final destination storagefor nuclear waste. Thus, efficiency on 133Cs adsorption trials also indicate that these materials could havepotential uses as sorptive matrices (Sorbents) for water treatment of radionuclide polluted waters such asTENORM waste waters. However, these trends are yet to be contrasted against hydraulic conductivitymeasurements and swelling pressure in order to have a more comprehensive perspective of this clayeyprospects as barrier enhanced layer; aligned to the multilayer barrier system approach for nuclear wastemanagement.
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Brazilian clays for environmental solutions applied to radioactive waste managementстатья

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