Аннотация:the article presents a philosophical analysis of knowledge in the context of constructivism, one of the trends of modern epistemology. Actively discussed in scientific research, the variety of branches of constructivism demonstrates its ambiguity, and originality in the formulation and solution of the problem of knowledge and consciousness. The main varieties that develop within constructivism include: radical constructivism, social constructivism, constructive realism, hermeneutical constructivism, and others. The article provides a comparative analysis of various types of constructivism, their positions on the problem of cognition, the relationship between the subject and object of cognitive activity, the individual and society.