Аннотация:The financial sector is a special part of the business activity of society, within the framework of which many tasks are solved, among which the most important is the search for sources of financing for business processes. Banks and other credit institutions, carrying out their activities, represent one of the most important sources of financing for the economic activities of enterprises. Therefore, their regulation in all countries of the World Community is carried out by the Central Banks, through the implementation of the national monetary policy. Monetary policy by the Bank of Russia has undergone gradual reform in recent years. As part of the measures of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation to regulate Russian banking activities, there is currently a management of the key rate, the purpose of which is to establish the Central Bank of the Russian Federation loan interest for commercial banks and interest when they open deposit accounts with it. However, a change in the level of this rate significantly affects not only commercial credit institutions, but all spheres of the economy that use this type of sources of borrowed capital indirectly. In this regard, the article examines the main elements of the economic characteristics of the key rate and its impact on the development of the Russian economy, provides an analysis of dynamic data of various economic indicators and a forecast of possible options to solve the situation