Characteristics of early Earth`s critical zone based on Middle-Late Devonian palaeosols properties (Voronez High, Russia)

Alekseeva, T.; Kabanov, P.; Alekseev, A.; Kalinin, P.; Alekseeva, V.

Авторы: Alekseeva T., Kabanov P., Alekseev A., Kalinin P., Alekseeva V.
Журнал: Clays and Clay Minerals
Том: 64
Номер: 5
Год издания: 2016
Издательство: The Clay Minerals Society
Местоположение издательства: United States
Первая страница: 677
Последняя страница: 694
DOI: 10.1346/CCMN.2016.064044
Аннотация: Land colonization with vascular plants during the late Silurian–early Devonian and then arborescence during the Pragian–Givetian caused the development of new soil types. These true-rooted soils increased the rate of pedogenesis on a global scale. Since that time, soil has become a key component of the biosphere and has given rise to profound development of the Earth’s Critical Zone (CZ). Case studies of Devonian CZs have helped to record the transformation from Precambrian–Lower Paleozoic ‘proto-CZs,’ which had insufficient proto-soil cover, to modern soils with true-rooted pedosphere. Devonian (Givetian–Frasnian) paleosols from the Voronezh region of Russia are combined into pedocomplexes which occupied the top, slope, and bottom positions of a pronounced paleo-relief. Paleosols were developed from terrigenous argillites and volcanigenic-sedimentary deposits. Each pedocomplex consisted of four or more paleosols with different degrees of development and profile preservation. Paleosols exhibited several common characteristics including production and translocation of clay, ferruginization and the presence of siderite nodules, enhanced MnО/Al2О3 and Fe2O3+MnO/Al2O3 values, and in situ roots and root-system traces. The latter are siderite/goethite substituted. Stable isotope analysis of siderite shows δ13C values of between –6.1 and –13.7‰ indicating that CO2 had originated from C3 plants. The main mineral component of clay fractions in automorphic paleosols (top and slope of the paleorelief) is kaolinite. The important feature of these paleosols is the red-stained hematite-rich layer in their bases. These horizons developed at different depths and with different thicknesses, and marked the paleo-groundwater tables of each sub-CZ. Evidence of the imprints of vegetation is seen in the abundant in situ roots, plant fragments, and spores of rhyniophytes, lycopsids, progymnosperms, cladoxylalean ferns, and phytoleims of algae-like vascular plants. The near-equatorial location and the overall characteristics of paleosols studied suggest that the afore mentioned horizons were formed in a tropically warm and humid climate. The paleo-ecological environments which accompanied pedogenesis were probably controlled by tectonic activity and volcanism.
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Characteristics of early Earth`s critical zone based on Middle-Late Devonian palaeosols properties (Voronez High, Russia)статья

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