Аннотация:Background: The issue of factors influencing adherence to treatment of patients with hematological malignancies (HM) has not been sufficiently studied.Aims: To establish the features of the influence of anxiety and depressive disorders on treatment adherence, as well as to clarify the factors associated with it in HM patients.Methods: The study included 117 patients: 51 men and 66 women, aged 19 to 67 years, with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) - 88, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) - 16 and aplastic anemia (AA) - 13 patients. Patients were examined by psychiatrist using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, as well as some psychometric methods.Results: Anxiety and depressive spectrum disorders were detected in 36 (40.9%) patients with HL and 8 (50%) with ALL, in the AA group there were three (23.1%) of such patients. It was found that the average adherence to treatment was in 2/3 of patients, low and high - in the remaining 1/3 of patients. The adherence to treatment it is significantly higher in patients older than 45 years. Signs of depression that negatively correlated with adherence to treatment, were pessimism and disruption of social ties. Adherence to treatment significantly positivelycorrelates with the following types of attitudes towards the disease: anosognosic, hypochondriac and egocentric, andsignificantly negatively correlates with the following types of attitudes towards the disease: anxious, melancholic and dysphoric. With medium and low adherence to treatment, the risk of adverse events increases by an average of 1.7 times.Summary/Conclusion: Anxiety/depressive disorders contribute to reduced adherence of HM patients to treatment. Their correction and increased adherence should be carried out jointly by hematologists and mental health professionals.