Structure of the Fungal Community during the Transformationof Organic Waste by Eisenia Fetida Worms

Kurakov, A.V.; Bilanenko, E.N.

Авторы: Kurakov A.V., Bilanenko E.N.
Журнал: Contemporary Problems of Ecology
Том: 16
Номер: 4
Год издания: 2023
Издательство: Maik Nauka/Interperiodica Publishing
Местоположение издательства: Russian Federation
Первая страница: 426
Последняя страница: 439
DOI: 10.1134/S1995425523040054
Аннотация: Changes in the taxonomic structure of the fungal community during the processing of cow manurewith straw using Eisenia fetida worms have been studied using fundamentally different methods—cultural and metabarcoding (by amplification and high-performance sequencing of ITS2 rDNA). Significantly more fungal taxa have been identified in substrates and vermicompost using metabarcoding than by the plating method (66 and 33 species, respectively). Single species have been identified simultaneously by both methods. The method of metabarcoding has revealed the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota, Basidiobolomycota, Rozellomycota, and Aphelidiomycota; fungi from Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota were isolated by the culture method. The species richness of the community decreased during the first 10–20 days of substrate processing, then grew and reached maximum values in the vermicompost (60 days). Both methods showed the dominance of ascomycetes at all stages of transformation of substrates by E. fetida. Metabarcoding showed the dominance of Sordariomycetes of the order Sordariales (48–53%), mainly Zopfiella spp., and the fungi of the orders Pezizales, Microascales, Hypocreales, Pleosporales, Chaetothyriales, Onygenales, and Eurotiales had the representation at the level of several percents. The increase in the portion of Chytridiomycota in the community (from 1.1 to 3.2%) was observed during vermicomposting. At the same time, the representation of fungi of Mortierellomycota (5.7 to 1.5%) of genus Mortierella and Basidiomycota (from 8 and 21 to 3%) decreased with an increase in their diversity. Among basidiomycetes, Coprinellus marculentus, Coprinellus subdisseminatus, Coprinus annuloporus, and Occultifur sp. prevailed. According to the plating method, ascomycetes also prevailed during waste processing and in the vermicompost, but it was other species: Diplodascusgeotrichum; genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Talaromyces, Trichoderma, and Fusarium; mucoromycetes of the genus Mucor; and basidiomycetes (Filobasidium wieringae). Fungi capable of the decomposition of various polymer compounds in waste, active destructors of lignocellulose, have been identified. Coprophiles, keratinophiles, and thermophilic and thermotolerant species, representatives of the genera Trichoderma and Penicillium, capable of determining the suppressive properties of vermicompost to phytopathogens and human pathogens, have been found. The differences in mycobiota during the composting and vermicomposting of various wastes are considered.
Добавил в систему: Биланенко Елена Николаевна

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Structure of the Fungal Community during the Transformationof Organic Waste by Eisenia Fetida Wormsстатья

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