Аннотация:Plastic waste, decomposing under the influence of the environment, becomes a source of nano- (less than 1 µm) and microplastics (from 1 µm to 5 mm, MP), which is a new challenge for the global scientific community. Microplastic particles can easily penetrate organisms, disrupting cellular processes, and can also be carriers of organic pollutants such as pesticides, components of pharmaceuticals, etc. In addition, much attention is now being paid to the problem of environmental pollution by components of pharmaceuticals as a result of their widespread and uncontrolled usage. Active substances of pharmaceuticals, such as antibiotics, have high biological activity and may threaten living organisms of natural ecosystems and human health. Their components can be sorbed on microplastics, resulting in complex contamination and combined toxic effects. Currently, the processes of sorption/desorption of pharmaceutical components on microplastics are poorly studied. These studies are complicated by various chemical nature and sizes of MP particles, changes in their properties due to aging, and different external conditions (temperature, pH, ionic strength, etc.). Most studies are limited to analyzing a single type of pharmaceuticals and MPs under model conditions, lacking systematicity. There is no unified approach to sample preparation, group extraction of components, and their subsequent highly sensitive determination in MPs. To develop such an approach, the utilization of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) looks promising since it can provide a reliable simultaneous determination of target analytes. The report will present the developed approach for the simultaneous determination of antibiotics in aqueous media by HPLC-MS. This method was used to explore the adsorption behavior of antibiotics on microplastics. Twenty-six substances belonging to nine different classes of antimicrobials, including beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems), macrolides, nitroimidazoles, nitrofurans, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, lincosamides, and chloramphenicol, were considered as target components. In addition, we studied the stability of model solutions of antibiotics and their mixtures to identify their transformation products that can be formed in aqueous media under the influence of external factors, such as environmental conditions. By using representatives of different groups of antibiotics, it is possible to reveal the dependence of adsorption on plastic particles on the nature of the sorbed substance. Therefore, we explored the adsorption behavior of certain antibiotic groups on synthesized latex nanoparticles from aqueous matrices at different pH values, temperature, and ionic strength. As a result, we compared the adsorption ability of different classes of drugs under varying conditions. This can be further used for their selective extraction from the particle surface and subsequent determination by HPLC-MS.
