Аннотация:The Arctic region is experiencing unprecedented changes associated with increasing average temperatures (faster than the pace of the globally-averaged increase) and significant decreases in both the areal extent and thickness of the Arctic pack ice. Observational evidence suggests that atmospheric energy fluxes are a major contributor to the decrease of the Arctic pack ice, seasonal land snow cover and the warming of the surrounding land areas and permafrost layers (e.g., Stone et al., 2002; Persson, 2012). In this crossdisciplinary
synthesis study, multi-year measurements of hourly averaged surface fluxes (turbulent, radiative, and soil ground heat), surface meteorology, and basic surface/snow/permafrost parameters made at near-coastal climate observatories located around the Arctic Ocean are used to examine the annual cycle of the fluxes and its coupling to atmospheric and surface processes. The unique turbulent fluxes collected at Eureka (Canadian territory of Nunavut) and Tiksi (Russia, East Siberia) located at two quite different latitudes (80.0°N and 71.6°N respectively) are analysed. Turbulent fluxes and mean meteorological data are measured continuously and reported hourly at various levels on 10-m (Eureka) and 20-m (Tiksi) flux
towers. Tower-based eddy covariance and solar radiation measurements provide a long-term near
continuous temporal record of hourly average mass and energy fluxes respectively. We compare annual cycles of the surface fluxes including solar radiation and other ancillary data to describe the seasons in the Arctic.
