The Simulation of Oil Field Development by Fuzzy Logic Methods

Eremin, N.A.

Автор: Eremin N.A.
Год издания: 1995
Место издания: The State Academy of Oil and Gas named after I.М.Gubkin Moscow
Объём: 50 страниц
Тираж: 100 экз.
Академическое издание
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2793.9601
Аннотация: Summary of dissertation on conferment of scientific degree Full Doctor of Technical Sciences on rights manuscript. //Moscow, The State Academy of Oil and Gas named after I.М.Gubkin, 1995y., 50 pages. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2793.9601 GENERAL DESCRIPTION PROBLEM ACTUALITY. This dissertation is devoted to the fundamental and applied aspects of an important technological problem connected with forecasting and modeling of oil field development (OFD) and selecting the best design decisions in fuzzy information environment. To create an effective system of the reservoir development and management it's necessary to have the uniform concept of forecasting, to analyze the contradicting purposes of development, to use wide a set of models and algorithms to solve the main problems of OFD forecasting. The work is based on the system fuzzy approach to study and forecast recovery processes using the modern mathematical methods and new computer capability of processing and storing geological and field data. Uncertainty, fuzziness and incompleteness of knowledge about development object (field) are the main characteristic features of geology and reservoir engineering. Economically justified development of existing and newly developed oil and gas resources requires a profound understanding of the unique geological nature and character of a reservoir, as well as creating the economically effective development systems and technologies of oil recovery under the conditions of fuzzy and partial knowledge of the development object. Despite obvious achievements on separate aspects of oil fields development (OFD) forecasting under the conditions of fuzziness, vagueness and uncertainty of the information, this problem as a whole hasn't yet been solved . Generally it can be explained by the significant fragmentation and particular specialization of the research. That's why it is necessary to use basically new ways to create the system of oil reservoir development design under the conditions of uncertainty, fuzziness and vagueness of initial and present geological and field data. The system approach is one of the ways to increase the efficiency of oil and gas recovery. One of its obvious advantages is that such complex systems like oil reservoirs, are considered as a whole while other parts are also taken into account. The work was executed according to the theme plans of fundamental and applied research in Oil and Gas Research Institute in 1987-94 and is connected with the following nation-wide technological programs: the technological program of a Science State Committee 0.02.01 "To create progressive technologies and means of oil production, improving oil recovery, preparation and transport of oil and natural gas (intensification of oil production)", programs of the Russian Academy of Sciences on priority directions 12.3 "Natural hydrocarbons, coals and combustible shale" ( item 12.3.4 "Scientific fundamentals and progressive technologies of combustible minerals recovery and development") and 12.9 "Oil fields development and enrichment of useful minerals" (item 12.9.3 "Oil and gas fields development"); the complex target program "Rational complex use of raw mineral resources in national economy in 1987-1990 and up to 2000", program on increasing of oil recovery increasing (decree of Council of Ministers N 357 from 28.03.87; the state technological program 1991-1994. "Progressive technologies of complex development of Russian fuel and energy resources (State Scientific Program "Mineral resources of Russia")". Thus, the work on modeling and forecasting of oil field development and finding the most effective design decisions in fuzzy information environment is rather urgent. THE OBJECT OF RESEARCH. The main objective is to create the scientific fundamentals of slightly formalized aspects of oil field development (exploitation objects selection; selection of recovery method, well spacing systems and rational variant of development) under conditions of uncertainty and vagueness of initial and present geological and field parameters. MAIN RESEARCH PROBLEMS. The work is aimed to solve the following main problems: To create methods and algorithms to solve several slightly formalized tasks of OFD forecasting on the basis of the fuzzy approach; To analyze the initial design situation and to form the contradicting purposes, reflecting interests of main parties in OFD under market conditions; To develop the concept of forecasting and procedure of generation of the best OFD systems under fuzzy initial and present conditions; To create a procedure of decision-making during OFD forecasting, as the methodological basis of the computer-aided design system and expert systems; To develop a technique to analyze OFD processes in the late stage of development on the basis of the system approach; To create a procedure of uncertainty evaluation in final technological parameters obtained by the underground hydromechanic methods. PROBLEMS SOLUTION METHODS. To solve the problems listed above the author used the modern methods of oil field development and underground hydromechanics, mathematical methods of classical and fuzzy logic, theory of fuzzy sets and fuzzy numbers, probability theory and applied mathematics. THE SCIENTIFIC IMPORTANCE. In dissertation work the new approach to OFD modeling and forecasting under fuzzy conditions is scientifically based. 1. The use of new mathematical methods - theory of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic, while making the design decisions at the stage of drawing up of the feasibility studies and OFD project, is proposed. 2. The scientific fundamentals of OFD design under conditions of fuzzy and uncertain information on oil field are generalized and further developed. 3. Techniques and procedures to solve a lot of slightly formalized main problems of OFD forecasting ( selection of exploitation objects, selection of a recovery method, well spacing systems and etc.) are proposed which use the theory of fuzzy sets, decision-making theory and sets theory modeling. 4. On the basis of the system approach a technique of the fuzzy -stochastic analysis of OFD processes in the late stage of development is created. 5. Algorithm of the best OFD variant selection from the set of calculated development variants in the space of the contradicting purposes and restrictions is constructed. 6. Computer aided design system of OFD using thermal methods is created. It is based upon modern mathematical logic and a wide arsenal of mathematical models of recovery processes and permits finding rational variant of development. 7. Procedure of uncertainty evaluation of final technological development parameters using fuzzy mathematics is proposed. PRACTICAL VALUE AND IMPLEMENTATION of THE RESULTS. The methodology of OFD system forecasting under fuzzy initial and present conditions created by the author helps to make the best design decisions in a dynamic market economy and increases the reliability of the forecasting of reservoir behavior at different stages of investigation, development and production. The technique of multicriterial analysis of oil field development allows to find out unsuccessful design decisions at the early stage by comparing the development parameters of research object to the best development parameters of its analogues. The methodical fundamentals of construction of a database on industrial recovery methods using Database Management System dBASE are created. This database covers more than 800 oil recovery projects with application of EOR methods in Russia and in the rest of the world. The geophysical parameters of Volgograd oil reservoirs are structured and the database on this data is created. To prove the applicability of EOR methods, the analysis of geophysical parameters of objects (horizons) in several Volgograd fields is conducted. As a result, three recovery methods are chosen: the injection of hydrocarbon gases, injection of CO2 and injection of polymer solution. The former one is proved to be the most suitable method for oil reservoirs of Volgograd area. The integration and analysis of the geophysical characteristics of productive reservoirs of the Minibaev area of Romashkino field are conducted on the basis of expert estimations and fuzzy sets theory. The expert estimations method, based on the comparison of geophysical parameters reveals analogues of foreign tests of polymer flooding. On the basis of the fuzzy sets theory the area of successful application of polymer flooding on analyzed objects is determined. This area depends on the set of characteristic geophysical parameters, influencing the process efficiency. The results of research were presented in the scientific reports, in which the author participated as the responsible executor and scientific supervisor in 1987 - 1993. This research was conducted according to the contracts with "Tatneft", "Saratovoil", "Yamburggas", "Juzharlanneft", "Almetievneft". The methodical recommendations and software packages developed by the author and his team on the basis of scientific results are accepted to implementation in "Tatneft", "Saratovoil, "Yamburggas", "Juzharlanneft", "Almetievneft". The results of the dissertation are used in the following design documents: "The technological scheme of Vishnevo-Polyanskoye field development"; " The technological scheme of Pioneer field development"; "The technological scheme of Russian field development"; " The technological scheme of Priraslomnoye field development", as well as several other Russian oil fields. PRESENTATION OF WORK. The main results were reported at eight international conferences: "Training of the computer-aided design system in engineering in high schools" (Tbilisi, 1987); "A Eureka - E" (Bulgaria, Sofia, 1988); "Development of gas condensate fields" (Krasnodar, 1990); "Oil and gas field development: modern condition, problems and prospect" (Zvenigorod, 1991); "Flow through Porous Media: Fundamental and Reservoir Engineering" (Moscow, 1992); VII European symposium on EOR/IOR methods (Moscow, 1993), "A century anniversary of Tulsa University" (Tulsa, 1994), "Problems of complex development of hardly recoverable reserves of a oil and natural bitumen" (Kazan, 1994); European Petroleum Conference "EUROPEC-94" (London, 1994), as well as at many symposiums and seminars in Russia and C.I.S: "Mathematical modeling of processes of oil field development (Kiev, 1986); 8 All-Union seminar: "Numerical methods to solve the tasks of multiphase immisible fluids filtration", devoted to the 65th anniversary of the Academician N.A. Janenko (Novosibirsk,1986 ); 108th meeting of the All-Union seminar oil fields development (Moscow, 1987); at the seminar on artificial intelligence at the St.Peterburg's Institute of Information of Russian Academy of Sciences (Leningrad, 1988); "A methodology of the system analysis of oil and gas field development problems" (Perm, 1987-1991); "Thermal EOR methods" (Krasnodar, 1988); "Science-88" (EXHIBITION, Moscow, 1988); All-Union conference "Modern EOR/IOR methods" (Bugulma, 1989); "System forecasting and mathematical modeling of oil field development" (Moscow, 1988-1992);" Problems of hydrocarbons field development " (Moscow, 1992-1993). The main results of the dissertation were reported at seminars of hydrocarbons fields development section; in the laboratory of hydrocarbons fields development problems in the Oil and Gas Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian State Committee of High Education, 1987 - 1994; at scientific meetings and boards of USSR Ministry of Oil Industry, RMNTK "Oilrecovery", "Tatneft", "Yamburggas", "Saratovoilgas", Russian Oil and Gas State Academy named after I.M Gubkin, while discussing design documents and reports on results of conducted scientific research works in 1987-1994. The dissertation as a whole was presented at the scientific seminar of Oil and Gas Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian State Committee of High Education as well as at the scientific seminars of faculty of development and oil fields operations of State Oil and Gas Academy named after I.M. Gubkin (1994 -95). PUBLICATIONS AND PERSONAL CONTRIBUTION of the AUTHOR. The main ideas of the dissertation are presented in 37 published works. The materials of the dissertation are included in monograph and manuals. The author personally defined the problems, solved them, analyzed and integrated the results and gave further recommendations. STRUCTURE and SCOPE of the DISSERTATION. The dissertation consists of the introduction, 6 chapters, conclusion and references (414 items). It contains 300 pages, including 72 tables and 168 figures. CONTENTS OF WORK INTRODUCTION contains actuality of the dissertation theme, work objectives, main problems of research, scientific innovation, personal contribution of the author, statictical comparison of results and conclusions, practical value, implementation of results. FIRST CHAPTER deals with the critical analysis of present state of oil field development forecasting and increasing of it's accuracy by using modern computers and mathematical means. It is pointed out that the accuracy of forecasting increases if one uses the geological approach instead of the conventional one (algorithmical). In particular, the author demonstrates how oil recovery factors on different development methods (natural, waterflooding and other stimulation methods) depends on lithological rock types and conditions of sedimentary environments. THE SECOND CHAPTER is devoted to formulation and methods to solve the problem of OFD system forecasting in a fuzzy information environment. Main propositions and principles of forecasting and modeling of OFD are already published by domestic and foreign scientists. Further, in the second chapter, the author considers the application of more abstract concepts of the fuzzy sets theory, namely L-lattice structures ( L is the initial letter in the word lattice ). Such structures are useful for the analysis of development variants in case, when the OFD objectives and restrictions are put into order and described only qualitatively. Each OFD variant is characterized by a tulpe of objectives, the latter are ordered by decreasing accessibility. For this case, a procedure of OFD rational variant selection on the basis of L-lattices is developed. The THIRD CHAPTER describes the models and algorithms necessary to solve a number of main problems of OFD forecasting on the basis fuzzy logic: geological modeling, selection of exploitation objects, selection of recovery method, on exploitation objects and well-spacing on exploitation objects etc. THE FOURTH CHAPTER is devoted to modern computer technologies: the computer-aided design (CAD) system of OFD and the database on EOR methods, which were created using the above-mentioned technique, based on the theory of fuzzy sets. The FIFTH CHAPTER deals with the mathematical models of the analysis of dynamics of large hydrocarbon field development on the basis of fuzzy stochastic approach; the evaluations of applicability of bottom-hole treatment methods and measures to increase the productivity of wells and the analysis of stability of final technological development parameters, obtained on the basis of equations of underground hydromechanics. Further, in the fifth chapter a fuzzy mathematics apparatus is described, intended for work with fuzzy numbers and intervals. This apparatus was used to analyze the stability of the decision of the Buckley-Leverett equation and to evaluate the uncertainty in final technological parameters of development at various levels of uncertainty in initial geophysical parameters (1 %, 5 % and 10 %). Fuzzy phase permeabilities, the Buckley-Leverett function (Fig. 31) and its derivative were constructed. The calculation of technological parameters at the 1%-level of uncertainty in initial geophysical parameters has shown that the uncertainty in the final oil recovery value reaches more than 20 % (Fig. 32). So, one can conclude, that the results of the calculation of technological parameters on a real field, obtained using underground hydromechanical methods, should be interpreted very carefully. THE SIXTH CHAPTER gives the prospects of developming fields of hydrocarbons development systems regarding the fuzziness of the information. In this chapter the list of problems is presented, which should be solved within the framework of system forecasting in fuzzy information environment, as well as the ways to solve them. MAIN RESULTS OF CONDUCTED RESEARCH allows the author to make a number of main conclusions: 1. The fundamentals for slightly formalized sections of oil field development - selection of rational development variant, selection of exploitation objects, recovery method selection, selection of well-spacing system - under the conditions of uncertainty in initial and present geological and technological parameters are created, which allows to improve the decision-making procedure at designing, analysis, control and regulation of oil field development. 2. Due to the socio-economic transformations in our country, the state of the oil industry has completely changed. This fact requires new forms and methods of economic activity under market conditions. The analysis of the external design situation revealed a new set of contradictory objectives of oil field development, which should be achieved at the stage of designing. They are: Maximization of the discounting income; Maximization of the use of hydrocarbon reserves; Minimization of ecological damages from OFD; Maximization of the taxes ( incomes ) in the local budget; Reduction of resources capacity of OFD; Maximization of the taxes (incomes) in the state budget. This set of contradictory objectives reflects the interests of the main parties, in the development of oil fields: state, local authority, the firm-operator and consumer. 3. In the dissertation, the following procedure of rational oil field development variant selection in fuzzy informational environment is proposed: Identification of fuzzy objectives and restrictions of OFD; Construction of a hierarchical structure of a design situation under conditions of fuzzy and uncertain information; Comparing of design situations to typical ones; Construction of the set of calculated development variants; Selection of rational OFD variants ( or fuzzy optimal by Pareto ). The set of rational OFD variants is located in the intersection of the contradictory objectives and their restrictions, and is thus a conciliatory proposal, which reflects the interests of parties to the maximum extent. In case the set of rational variants appears empty an iterative procedure is provided, intended for compromise refinement and changing of restrictions of the target functions. This approach allows to reduce design costs and to increase efficiency and validity of the design decisions. 4. Procedures of decision-making under fuzzy information conditions for separate problems of OFD design are proposed, which are based on the theory of fuzzy sets and consist of the following main stages: Construction of membership functions to fuzzy sets for the considered initial variables; Construction of terms-sets of linguistic variables; Building of a universal scale and image functions for evaluated parameters; Formation of a set of decision-making criteria in multicriterial fuzzy information environment; Construction of the estimations space for decision-making; Construction of individual decision functions set, obtaining the general decision and its decision displayed on the space of evaluations; Determination of the closest estimated curve to the curve of general decision. 5. The methodological basis for artificial intelligence systems , such as the CAD of OFD with application of thermal recovery methods (wet and superwet in-situ combustion, steam and hot water injection), as well as, for expert systems and decision-making systems, is created on the basis of the conventional approaches and theory of fuzzy sets. . 6. The automated system of multidimensional fuzzy-stochastic analysis is created, which is intended for processing the geological, technological and economic data on successful, promising and unsuccessful EOR projects The fuzzy - stochastic analysis solves the following problems: the primary statistical analysis ( construction of histograms, functions of distributions ); allocation of main dependencies; studying of material structure, its homogeneity and disassembling into uniform groups (clusters); forecasting of application success in new oil and gas bearing regions; constructions of multidimensional fuzzy functions of distribution per each RM; determination of degree of affinity between newly entered development reservoirs and successful objects of EOR methods application. A database managed by dBASE on industrial recovery methods is developed, which includes more than 800 objects with EOR methods application in Russia and abroad. 7. On the basis of the system approach a technique of fuzzy -stochastic analysis of OFD processes at late development stages is created, which allows to control the design decisions and regulate the development processes on a macro-level. 8. The technique of the multicriterial analysis of application successity of bottom-hole treatment methods and measures on well productivity increases is developed, which permits to order these methods by the degree of satisfaction of the objectives and to select the most successful ones for wider implementation. The main ideas of the dissertation are contained in the following works: 1. Zolotukhin A.B., Eremin N.A. The guidelines of automatic generation of well-spacing systems on oil field //Proc. of the Conference of Young Scientists of Moscow Institute of Petro-chemical and Gas Industry, 1985, p.4 2. Zolotukhin A.B., Eremin N.A. Main stages of OFD computer-aided design system construction //Proc. of the Conference of Young Scientists of Moscow Institute of Petro-chemical and Gas Industry, 1985, p.43. Results of research works in the field of thermal recovery methods/Zheltov Ju.P., Gubanov B.F., Eremin N.A. and others //" the Analysis of results and prospects to increase the effectiveness of thermal recovery methods application and using the heat-carriers in productive reservoirs " - Ì., VNIIOENG, 1985, 28-37p. 4. Eremin N.A. Application of final element method in the problems of underground hydrodynamics. //"Physic-chemical EOR methods" - Moscow Institute of Petro-chemical and Gas Industry, 1985, 111-120 p. 5. Zolotukhin A.B., Eremin N.A. Designing of development oil fields with application of in-situ combustion. //Text-book, Ì.: Oil and Gas State Academy named after I.M.Gubkin, 1987, 73 p. 6. Zolotukhin A.B., Eremin N.A., Nazarova L.N.. Selection of rational variant of oil reservoir development. //Oil and Gas State Academy named after I.M.Gubkin. 1987. N 199. 17 - 24 P. 7. Zolotukhin A.B., Eremin N.A., Nazarova L.N., Surguczev L.Ì., Teslyuk R.E. Successes and problems CAD of the OFD// Proc. of International Conference "Eureka - E", Bulgaria, Sofia, 1988, 10 p. 8. Eremin N.A., Molchanova A.G. System approach in selection of a wellbore zone treatment method //Proc. of the 5th seminar " Fundamentals of system analysis of oil and gas fields development problems". Perm, 1988, 56p. 9. Zolotukhin A.B., Eremin N.A., Nazarova L.N., Prikazchikova M.S. System approach to the determination of efficiency of physic-chemical EOR methods application //Proc. of the 5th seminar " Fundamentals of system analysis of oil and gas fields development problems". Perm, 1988, 19-20p. 10. Eremin N.A., Molchanova A.G. Bases of construction of a subsystem of selection of well-bore zone treatment methods. //Proc. of the Conference of Young Scientists on geological and geophysical problems, Baku, 1988, 45p. 11. Zheltov Ju.P., Zolotukhin A.B., Eremin N.A., Nazarova L.N. CAD of OFD with thermal oil recovery methods application // Development and perfection of oil fields development system Science, 1989. 119-131p. 12. Zolotukhin A. B., Eremin N.A., Nazarova L.N. A problem oriented system of forecasting of development oil fields. //Proc. " Problem-oriented and expert systems ", Leningrad's Institute of Information of Russian Academy of sciences, Leningrad, 1988, c.159-167. 13. Zolotukhin A.B., Eremin N.A., Nazarova L.N. Industrial evaluation of oil fields on the basis of system forecasting // Series of Sciences about the Earth. 1988. N 2., 74-80p. 14. Eremin N.A., Nazarova L.N., Zolotukhin A.B. Determination of a parameter weight for a problem of recovery method selection using the expert system // Proc. of All-Union Conf. " A role of the youth in the solution of specific technological problems of oil and gas industry ". Ì., 1989. P.187. 15. Eremin N.A., Nazarova L.N., Zolotukhin of A.B. Application of computer-aided systems in fields of natural hydrocarbons design // Proc. of Int.Conf. " Gas-Condencate Fields Development", Krasnodar, 1990, 147-149p. 16. Zolotukhin A.B., Eremin N.A. Computer-aided design system of oil fields development using a method of in-situ combustion // "Mathematical modeling" Theoretical and applied mechanics Institute of USSR Academy of Sciences. Tomsk,1988, p. 6 17. Zolotukhin A.B., Eremin N.A. and others. A technique of estimation of level and competitiveness of EOR technologies and methods //Minneftegasprom of USSR, 1990, 56 p. 18. Zolotukhin A.B., Eremin N.A., Nazarova L.N. Selection of EOR methods //Proc. of the Intern. Symp. On Development of Oil Fields with Fissured Reservoirs, Varna, Bulgaria, Oct. 22-25, 1990. Varna, 1990. Vol ¹ 4, P. 58 - 63. 19. Zolotukhin A.B., Eremin N.A., Nazarova L.N. Ways to evaluate the success of EOR methods application in oil reservoirs //Oil and Gas State Academy named after I.M. Gubkin, 1991, p.6-15. 20. Eremin N.A., Muravjova M.V. The multidimensional geometrical modeling in the problems of oil field development // Proc of the 2nd All-Union School - seminar "Oil and gas fields development: modern state, problems, prospects ", Zvenigorod, 11-13.03.91, p.575 - 586. 21. Zolotukhin A.B., Eremin N.A., Nazarova L.N., Ponomarenco E.M.. Selection of recovery method on oil reservoirs // Neftyanoe khozyastvo, 1991, ¹ 3, p.21-23. 22. Basnieva I.K., Eremin, N.A., Yudovina E.F. Multicriterial approach to the analysis of large gas and gas-condensate fields development //Proc. of the Intern. Conf., "Flow through porous media: fundamentals and reservoir engineering applications", Moscow, 21-26 Sept., 1992. Moscow, 1992. P.28-31. 23. Eremin N.A., Zheltov Ju.P., Makarova E.S.. Well-spacing ratio in application of EOR methods // Neftyanoe khozyastvo, 1993. N 11. 28-31p. 24. Basnieva I.K., Eremin N.A., Ponomarenco E.M., Judovina E.E. Multicriterial approach to EOR/IOR methods application analysis in reservoir engineering projects //Proc. VII Europ. Symp. On IOR, 27-29 Oct. 1993, Russia. Moscow, 1993. Vol. 1. P.52-60. 25. Eremin N.A., Makarova E.S. Fuzzy approach to the selection of reservoir well-spacing system //Proc. VII Europ. Symp. On IOR, 27-29 Oct. 1993, Moscow, Russia. Moscow, 1993. Vol. 1. P. 75-80. 26. Eremin N.A., Surina V.V., Prikazchikova M.S. Evaluation of polymer flooding applicability using the theory of fuzzy sets //Neftyanoe khozyastvo, 1994. N4., 54-57p. 27. Eremin N.A. Modeling of hydrocarbon fields by fuzzy logic methods. Science, 1994, 462 p. 28. Eremin N.A. Lithological and sedimentological aspects of EOR methods application // Neftyanoe khozyastvo, 1994, ¹ 7, 43-46p. 29. Eremin N.A., Ponomarenco E.M. Sign structures at exploitation objects selection // Neftyanoe khozyastvo, 1994, ¹ 8, p.35-38. 30. Basnieva I.K., Zolotukhin A.B., Eremin N.A., Udovina E.F. Comparative Analysis of Successful Application of EOR in Russia and CIS (SPE 28002) //The University of Tulsa Centennial Petroleum Symposium "Future Petroleum Technology - Vision 2020", 29-31 Aug.1994, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, p.485-494. 31. Eremin N.A., Makarova E.S. The substantiation of well-spacing ratio selection at EOR methods application //MGCNTI, 1994, 2 p. 32. Sitnikov A.S., Eremin N.A., Ibatullin R.R. Mathematical microbiological model for mixed types of rocks (in Russian and English) //Proc. of International Conf."Problems of complex development of hardly recoverable stocks of oil and natural bitumen (production and processing)", Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia, 4-8 Oct.1994, p.234. 33. Sitnikov A., Eremin N., Ibatullin R. Mathematical Microbial Model for Porous-Fractured Type of Rock (SPE 28903 //European Petroleum Conference "EUROPEC-94", 25-27 Oct.1994, London, p. 367-374. 34. Eremin N.A., Ponomarenco Å.Ì. The linguistic description of parameters at exploitation object selection //Geology, Geophysics and Oil fields development, 1994, ¹5-6, p. 52-56. 35. Bogatkina Ju.G., Bochkareva T.Yu., Eremin N.A., Panarin A.T. On one way of evaluation of efficiency of large oil fields development( in Russian and English) Proc. of International Conf.//" Problems of complex development of hardly recoverable stocks of oil and natural bitumen (production and processing)", Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia, 4-8 Oct.1994, 170 p. 36. Eremin N.A., Firsova N.I. A procedure of the firm - operator selection for oil field development //Neftyanoe khozyastvo, 1994, ¹11, p.4 37. Bogatkina Ju.G., Bochkareva T.Yu., Eremin N.A., Panarin A.T. On the method of system evaluation of large oil fields development efficiency //Neftyanoe khozyastvo, 1995, ¹1-2, p.55-61.
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