Аннотация:The word “quantum” became popular not only in physics, but in a much wider world: today’s general public is intrigued by extremely powerful quantum com- puters, quantum teleportation, and secure quantum communication in space. Usage of “quantum” in popular movies, TV shows, newspapers, and some consumer goods made it saturate the air for almost everybody, although often with the meanings different from those in physics.The unique purpose of this book is to bring together the largely unreported history of experiments with single “light quanta” (photons) and map it with its modern manifestations as one of the key drivers to the vibrant scientific field of quantum photonics. We seek to convey to the readers the state-of-the-art advances of modern developments in quantum photonics and nonlinear optics from the leading groups throughout the world. The book also familiarizes the scientists, teachers, and students with the earliest experiments on single-photon and nonlinear optics from a time when both lasers and today’s light detectors did not yet exist, and the photographic plate or the human eye served as single-photon detectors. As a result, this book consists of two parts: (i) Modern Quantum, Nano- and Nonlinear Photonics, and (ii) Historical Works: Single-Photon and Nonlinear Optical Experiments in the Pre-Laser Era complimented with reprints and translation into English of some pioneering experimental papers. The book contains contributions of researchers from Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Japan, Russia, Singapore, UK, and USA.